Types of glue

Glue - substance and multicomponent compositions based on organic or inorganic substances, capable of joining (gluing) various materials. Bonding is due to the formation of a strong adhesive bond between the adhesive layer and the materials of the joined surfaces or the appearance of new intermolecular bonds. The strength of the adhesive joint is also affected by the cohesion of the adhesive to the surface, autogesia - self-adhesion upon contact of homogeneous materials.

Bonding Theories

The following theories for bonding materials are: [ source not specified 131 days ]

mechanical theory - glue penetrates into the pores of materials and, being held in them, provides bonding,
absorption theory - bonding forces are of a chemical and intermolecular nature, with the main role being played by wetting and polarity of the adhesive,
diffusion theory - when bonding, mutual diffusion of the adhesive and the base material takes place,
chemical theory - the main role is played by the chemical interaction of the adhesive and the substrate.

Some scientists believe that all the factors described play a role in bonding. [ source not specified 131 days ]

By type of bonding

drying adhesives (silicate glue, casein, wood glue, PVA glue, starch paste, nairit, 88-NT ...)
non-drying adhesives (e.g. rosin based), hot melt adhesives,
ligaments based on polymerizable compositions — inorganic, for example, aluminophosphate bonds (APS) and organic, polymerizable compositions (cyacrine, epoxy)

Some adhesives, such as BF glue, belong simultaneously to the category of drying and polymerizing compositions.

In composition

inorganic (solutions, melts, as well as solders, in particular, adhesive-solder polymer compositions)
organic (solutions, melts, polymerizable)

The basis of organic glue mainly synthetic oligomers and polymers (for example, phenol-formaldehyde, epoxy, polyester resins, polyamides, polyimides, polyurethanes, organosilicon polymers, rubbers, etc.) form the adhesive film as a result of hardening upon cooling (thermoplastic adhesives), curing (thermoset adhesives) ) or vulcanization (rubber adhesives), these processes are sometimes preceded by volatilization of the solvent.

Inorganic adhesives They include aluminophosphate, ceramic (base - oxides of magnesium, aluminum, silicon, alkali metals), silicate (base - potassium or sodium liquid glass), metal (base - liquid metal, for example mercury).

According to the physical state, adhesives can be liquid (solutions, emulsions, suspensions) or solid (films, rods, granules, powders), the latter are used in the form of a melt or applied to heated surfaces.

By appointment

conductive low-resistance, silver-based - contact
conductive high resistance with graphite powder
optical - for bonding optical parts, mainly made of glass
for domestic needs
for skin
for wood
for metals
ceramics
rubber
stationery
universal
construction (installation)

Glues in medicine

The ability of some adhesives to form elastic films with the properties of semi-permeable membranes is used to treat small wounds, eliminating the need for dressings. The first such composition used since the mid-19th century was collodion. In the 1950s L.G. Schoolchildren suggested using BF-6 glue for the same purpose.

Currently, a synthetic analogue of the adhesive secretions of the worm Phragmatopoma californica has been created. It is expected that after 5-10 years this glue can be used to connect broken human bones (as of 2008).

Properties and specifications

Universal glue is chosen by many professionals and those who decide on self-repair in the house.

Unlike conventional products, such glue has several advantages, which are described in the instructions for it.

This tool is ideal for both construction and domestic needs. Therefore, acquiring one tube of such glue, you can solve many problems at home.
Such glue is always quick-drying; pour time does not stretch for long hours. After bonding any objects in a day you can safely use them.
In addition, the glue quickly sets, providing high-quality grip.
Another advantage is that it often has a transparent base, so glued objects do not change color after repair.
Also, the universal tool is water resistant and tolerates temperature extremes.

The adhesive owes such qualities to its composition. As a rule, it includes rubber resins, ethyl acetate, rosin and other special components that provide the strength and reliability of this tool. The main feature of such a composition is its complexity: at home it will not be possible to get it.

Varieties

Today, in specialized stores you can find a variety of types of universal glue.

We learn about the difference between such tools and what individual characteristics each of the types has:

Of course, glues with a quick-drying composition are very popular among professionals and not only. They are easily applied to the surface, completely transparent, have a high setting rate and at the same time dry very quickly. Just a couple of minutes - and the product will be ready. Too many manufacturers produce just such types of universal tools. We’ll tell you more about brands below.
Such glue, which is considered to be not only universal, but also superfast, is very popular. Usually in the people it is called second. A small tube with such a substance will help to instantly solve everyday problems and restore integrity to many objects. The glue is easy to apply and dries very quickly.

Another popular type of universal tool is contact adhesive. This product is suitable for all surfaces, it is completely odorless, easy to apply, does not spread and dries quickly. This tool is, indeed, a universal solution for many everyday problems.
Often you can find wallpaper glue, which is also universal. It is easy to use for both vinyl products and fiberglass coatings. Since the composition is universal, it is often used for bonding fabric cloths.

As a rule, such glue sets in about ten to twenty minutes. In this case, the mixture responds well to temperature extremes and other external manifestations.

There are universal products that are made on the basis of silicone. As a rule, such glue is used in rooms with high humidity. For example, during repairs in the bathroom or in the kitchen. Such glue already contains such components that prevent the appearance of mold. This is another significant plus of this universal glue. The product is transparent, dries quickly and perfectly withstands various temperatures.
For serious outdoor repairs, they usually use universal mounting glue, which is highly reliable and durable. This tool does not react at all to temperature extremes, it can withstand atmospheric pressure, etc. As a rule, polymers are necessarily present in its composition.

Manufacturers

Among the many manufacturers there are those who over the years of their existence have shown themselves only on the positive side. The assortment of such brands includes mounting, silicone, instant and other types of glue.

We offer a small rating, thanks to which you can choose for yourself a high-quality universal remedy.

The Henkel brand has proven itself well in the business, namely, its Moment Crystal product. The material is crystal clear, has no pungent odor and is highly reliable.
Also, the “Expert Expert” tool has good performance. Its unique composition perfectly withstands even a sharp temperature drop. Manufacturers claim that this universal tool can withstand even a temperature of + 400 ° C. In this case, the composition is easy to apply and does not spread.
Tools such as "Second", "Contact" and "Master" are perfect for solving many everyday problems. They are suitable for working with many types of materials. However, manufacturers do not recommend using these products for gluing dishes that will be used for food.

A well-known brand like UHU produces high-quality universal products. They can easily perform not only the function of wallpaper glue, but also serve for minor repairs in the house. Means of this brand can also work as mounting compounds, because they can be used for work with glass, metal, wood and rubber.
For work with wallpapers and other paper products, wallpaper glue from Econ or Quality is perfect.
The tool from Bolix WM is perfect for insulation systems. It can be used for both outdoor and indoor use.

Glue is in excellent contact with mineral wool, ceramic tiles, facade tiles and more.

Scope and features of application

Universal glue is suitable for wallpaper, bonding plastic and wooden products, bonding metal and glass parts.

Such products are not very liquid, do not spread much, so that even small parts can be perfectly glued and repaired.

A wide range of applications has the so-called contact adhesive. It can be used when laying parquet, carpet or linoleum. This tool is often used for reliable fixation of plastic panels, soundproof materials.
If you plan to work with flooring, it is better to choose a universal building adhesive. As a rule, it should contain acrylic polymers. Such a tool is perfect for laminate, parquet and even for coconut fiber coating. A day after the work, on this floor you can already walk safely.

Also, universal glue can be used during the installation of insulation systems. The tool works well with materials such as polystyrene or mineral wool. For such work, a universal mounting tool is usually chosen. It can be used while laying tiles. And not only indoors, but also for outdoor work.
For gluing any type of wallpaper, it is best to choose a universal tool in the form of a powder, which you need to breed yourself according to the instructions. Often, such a product contains modified starch. Thanks to this, the product easily dissolves in water without forming lumps. A universal tool suitable for paper and fabric paintings, as well as for vinyl wallpaper.
For minor repairs, you can choose the usual universal tool in a small tube.

Such glue copes with a wooden surface, perfectly glues plastic products and is suitable even for children's crafts, as it is completely non-toxic.

Types of glue for mirrors

What are types of glue for mirrors? Reflection helps not only to see yourself beloved of all beauty, but also to change the geometry of space. You can make the room wider or brighter. But what if you do not want to make holes in the mirror at all?

Adhesive for mirrors Titanium

Then there are several options for fasteners that allow you to put reflective glass on the wall, or, say, a door. Such compositions should not have any acids, the same applies to alkali. If you try to classify them, then this:

solvent binders. Here you need not be too lazy and read the label. It should contain an explanation that the selected product can be used not only for glasses, but also for our purposes. There you can find substances that will eventually destroy the amalgam, and your decor will become worthless. But there is a plus - this is the price.
on silicones. These are more expensive, but the quality will please. Fasten securely. True, do not expect an instant effect, so that the surfaces “seize” will take time.
and combined.

Very often in stores they offer "liquid nails" for purposes. They are divided into acrylic (Their plus is safety. But! They will not withstand contact with water, high temperatures will also be detrimental to such a connection.

If you plan to mount a mirror to metal, or tile - look for another option, these will not cope with this task), and neoprene(synthetic rubber as the main component allows you not to worry about the fact that the reflecting surface will fall off the tile. But remember that you will have to put up with an unusually toxic smell during work).

Types of wallpaper glue

Now let's learn types of glue for wallpaper. As a rule, this is a light powder that looks like washing. But no one sprinkles walls on them, naturally. First you need to dilute it with water. It also happens that they sell already mixed solutions of a jelly-like substance (the container must be airtight).

If you do not want to bother, and look for a narrowly targeted composition, just take the universal. But keep in mind not to let you down in any situation, this glue needs special chemicals. additives, of which there are many. If this does not scare you, then go ahead.

In addition to an affordable price, this option is also good because you do not need to stock up on a bunch of packages with different compositions if you have to work with different surfaces. Manufacturers thought about this, and offer us to breed the powder in different proportions.

Types of wallpaper glue

For weightless rolls - thinner, and denser - for more weighty ones. You do not want to take risks, and you are afraid of the probability that all the work will go down the drain? - then we select special glue.

Your plans do not include huge items of expenses for home decoration, and chose the most budget option - paper wallpaper? Then the “lubricant” for them should be appropriate. The wallet will not hit, the fragile structure of such a finish will not break. All this is about glue for paper wallpaper. Many, by the way, still use the method of our parents, which established itself in the 80s. It's about preparing the composition yourself. Such craftsmen take starch, or flour, and get paste from this. Cheap and cheerful, as they say. But, if it is, for example, a summer house, then why not.
CMC. The good thing is that you do not need to calculate exactly how much of this mass you need today. After you mix it with water, you can count on the fact that this composition will not come into disrepair within 7 days. But! Before you start applying it, you have to wait, because in order for the solution to persist, you need to spend about 5 hours, it may take a little more, or a little less time. Waited? The time for another necessary procedure is to pass the liquid through cheesecloth, this is necessary so that it turns out to be homogeneous, and the lumps are eliminated. Yes, laborious. But how economical. They took a pack for fifty rubles, and calmed down, because it is enough for 50 squares of area.
PVA. Here, of course, a fifty dollars is not enough, the option is more expensive. But no lumps. True, to smooth it evenly, skill will be required.

All these products are capable of capturing not only simple paper decor, but also more modern paper-based wallpapers.

The most important thing for them is weight. Such rolls are very heavy. So they need the “fasteners” as well. Typically, the basis of such an adhesive is methyl cellulose (premium segment, literally impregnates the coating), or special. starch (budget segment). It is not walls that need to be processed, but the rolls themselves.

If you work in the kitchen or in the bathroom, take the product with additives from the effects of moisture (mold, fungus). If you are afraid that you will miss some areas during application, that is, compositions with bright colors, so that the transparent layer does not bother you. After you attach the fragment to the wall, you can not be afraid to move it, pushing the joints.

Since these layers are even heavier than the previous ones, they need an enhanced binder formula. The composition of the adhesive for non-woven is similar to the above, but more concentrated + certain inclusions. This time, we lubricate not the sheets, but the wall. For 300 grams of such a loose product you need to give a minimum of about 150 rubles.

For textile and fiberglass.

Here they apply a “powerful” dispersion composition. He quickly “nails” the canvas to a vertical surface. You don’t have to bother with it, in the Vedas they sell a ready-made liquid mixture. To be sure that the glue is completely dry, it will take about a day.

Types of glue for glass

We continue and find out what are types of glue for glass.

Reliable, but does not dry quickly. All this is about glue, which needs UV rays to harden. Without them, the process simply won’t work. And one more condition, no colored, or tinted windows. More specifically, at least one of the two fastened surfaces must be transparent. The same result will be a seam. And he will easily cope with temperature spikes, withstand water, and even intense attempts to destroy the compound. It is used in furniture and jewelry.
The zincacrylate composition dries instantly, just as quickly and sets. The glass sheet can be attached with it to both plastic and wooden parts. It can even be used where a layer of paint is applied. With all these advantages, there is a significant “but” - fear of water.
Heat resistant. Indispensable where work is going on, for example, with household appliances (oven, kettle). As the name implies, such heat is not dangerous to him.
Silicate. This is the favorite material of builders. He will find application in interior decoration and various crafts. There is where to roam - colors for every taste. It is made using silicone.
Various types of liquid gluethat are used in everyday life. If, for example, some trifle crashed, then there is no need to acquire specials for its restoration. composition. Any superglue that is in every house is quite suitable.

Glue for glass

Types of glue for rubber

It's time to list what are types of glue for rubber. It can be useful not only to motorists who decided to patch up the tires, but also to parents who are trying to repair their child’s ball, or their favorite air mattress. Going to the store counter, you will come across this choice:

More secure, it contains natural rubber. As a complement, sulfur is kneaded. Able to combine not only rubber, but also leather, and even textiles. But it is not suitable for industrial purposes, it will not withstand various kinds of aggression, as well as temperature surges.
With artificial fillers (synthetic rubber includes artificial resins).

Such mixtures work under different conditions. One needs heating, the other is enough for normal room temperature to harden. Ready seam can be easily soaked, not even salt water is terrible for him. But the connection should be placed under the press for a sufficiently long time.

Types of Rubber Adhesive

If we consider the forms of the goods offered, then there is such an option as "liquid rubber". This paste is based on polyurethane. It is flexible enough, fluid (fill any gaps), moisture will not pass through it.

Types of wood glue

Next on our list types of wood glue. Not only wooden parts are attached to it, but also cardboard. And yet, it is difficult to imagine furniture production without such a product. Because it does not pose a danger to our health.

No pungent odors or corrosive components. With all this, the connection is reliable, even after years it is not broken. There are several varieties of such a mixture, but all of them are united by one basis - protein.

Bone. Very popular. It looks like very small peas, or briquettes. The raw material is collagen, cysteine, another component is gelatin. All these substances are as viscous as possible. And they get them from animal skeletons, they can also use horns and hooves. It can be beige or bright brown. The first is preferable, cleaner. To use it, you need to soak it for several hours. After the heating procedure is to be performed (only by means of a water bath), a maximum of 60 degrees.

Wood glue

Ready seam is good, but not in the bath, or in the bathroom. Absorbs moisture and collapses. Often during work, an antiseptic is introduced into it. The price of the composition does not bite.

Mezdrovy. Animal skins are used in the production. From them they produce mezdra, which serves as the basis for glue. The appearance and process of preparing the composition is similar to the previous one.
Fishy. And here it is not complete without natural raw materials, this time in its quality, fish covers and fins. It does not differ in water resistance, but seams are imperceptible and rather plastic. In its original form, it represents small plates of a golden hue.
Casein. It is not strange to make it from cottage cheese, dried. In appearance, it also looks like this dairy product - a powdery mass. When you knead the composition with water, immediately start work, because its shelf life is short, only a few hours. To make the mixture uniform, you need to try, otherwise lumps can not be avoided. Another of the difficulties: do not breed if thickened, consider - to throw. And be careful, not every kind of wood can withstand such a neighborhood, the color may change.

Types of PVA glue

There are carpentry types of glue pva. Yes, it is not natural. But toxicity is not different, you can use this without fear. And use not only solid pieces of wood, but also various modifications, such as fiberboard, plywood, etc.

There is no need to breed and soak here, this is a completely ready-made composition. When dry, it will be transparent (initially polyvinyl acetate is white), elastic, and strength will not fail.

PVA glue

If you need glue that can withstand the conditions of a bath, a hamam with their constant humidity, then you have to “conjure” it yourself. You will need cottage cheese, to which you will need to add slaked lime and rosin powder.

If for any reason you are not satisfied with all of the above options, then there are synthetic compounds. But when using them, you will need to put up with a very unpleasant "aroma", these pores are toxic. In addition, the risk of running into a fake with a dubious composition increases at times.

Types of adhesive for ceramic tiles

There are special types of glue for a tile. You can meet them in the form of a dry substance, and liquid, and also, as an option, special. paste. All of them are divided by composition and purpose. First let's explore filling:

The role of the foundation cement. The sand component and special additives are also introduced here. They add flexibility, endurance and hygroscopicity.
On pitches (epoxy). Super tenacious. You can safely mount ceramics on metal, and even on wooden planes. Water will not pass through it, so bowl for pools will not become a test for composition. Like exposure to various substances, corrosion will not occur. But the cost will be more impressive than the previous version. And in the liquid component before work, you need to enter special. hardener. Without it, the composition is useless.
Dispersion. Golden mean. They are not very expensive. But the quality does not suffer. You can use them for outdoor work. It’s very “tenacious”, and it can easily work with drywall, plastic and winding surfaces, on which you need to fix the tile.
It is impossible not to mention special. «liquid Nails". Yes, they have an unpleasant pungent odor, and are not safe if they suddenly get on the skin. But then their fixing characteristics are on top. Masters use this option, most often for restoration, or replacement of a split site.

Tile adhesive

Also types of tile glue divided by the purpose of application:

For indoor conditions. There is a minimum of additives in it, because it does not accept special vagaries.
Particularly tenacious. Hold in place even large-format ceramics.
For work with floors. It will fill as much as possible any gaps, it is very plastic.
With leakage protection. The hydrophobic composition is not a cheap pleasure. But, where it constantly flows, there is no way without it.
Specialist. compositions. Each of them includes a component of a certain orientation, for example, protection against frost, or vice versa heat. There are also those that are designed for transparent products, their color does not spoil the overall picture.

Types of glue for metal

Next on the agenda types of glue for metal. Not so long ago, it was possible to combine two metal pieces only by applying welding. But, now the market is full of all kinds of options for gluing, and special skills (such as welding) are not required here. All that is needed is to correctly approach the issue and calculate exactly the glue that will not fail in your particular case.

Still the same epoxy compound. Yes, this universal “soldier” is able to work with metals. Moreover, due to the fact that this composition calmly “relates” to various kinds of fillers, metal filings can also be introduced there. They will not only add strength, but also help to restore the part, return the desired relief to it.
Scotch. It must be two-sided. An adhesive composition is applied to the polypropylene base. No, this is not the one with which we glue paper. Here the hardware is more powerful. If it gets wet, it will not peel off. In addition, any embossed surface is easily susceptible to it.
Anaerobic Composition. A favorite tool for motorists, as it will easily return the original appearance to the thread on spare parts. It hardens precisely in contact with metal.
Super glue. So we used to label glue with cinnacrylate. Everyone knows that in order to hold something together, he needs only a couple of seconds. Any surfaces, including metal, will work together with this product. Its vapors are not harmless, so caution will not hurt.

Glue for metal

And now a little information about the most popular types of glue, the names of which are well known to everyone.

PVA. This composition has earned such popularity due to the fact that it is easy to work with it, the connection in most cases does not fail, and the price does not empty your wallet. So what is this “public favorite” made of?

Nothing natural, only chemical products. industry. The lion's share of 95% in the composition is polyvinyl acetate. The company is made up of various additives that help the glue not crack during bending after drying, and not harden during storage. Despite this, the mass does not harm a person.

They sell the finished mixture - in a plastic container without air access, in order to preserve the properties. She should not have pungent odors, the color is beige, or white. And when it dries it will become almost transparent. It is not difficult to apply, it will not spread. How to deform after hardening.

There are so many options for packing it that you don’t need to buy a whole bucket for the sake of some crashed little things. In general, you can glue literally everything with it. And paper, and fabric, and at a construction site will come in handy. After all, it is added to different systems. compositions, putty, for example.

What it is:

For domestic needs. He was very fond of decorators and creative craftsmen. But crafts are not the only way to use them. They are easily greased with wallpaper. Hence the method of packaging - large tanks.
Clerical. This is a well-known glue stick, and just a liquid composition in a small container.
MB You will find such a designation on the universal composition. It can also attach various soft floor coverings and even glass.
Super pva. They do not use it in large doses, most often some little things are glued. He is very reliable. And also irritants in the form of water and lowering-raising degrees are not afraid of him.
Building. We already talked about him above.

MOMENT. This name has already become a household word. You can find such a tube in almost every home. The company produces compositions for all occasions. On the shelves you will find such kinds of glue moment as:

Contact. To fix them, it will be necessary to squeeze the surface, and for a sufficiently long time. This includes a transparent "Crystal", rubber, shoe, furniture, and specials. composition for cork.
Seconds All of them, as a rule. They wear the prefix "super." Do their job in a couple of seconds.
Wallpaper. Separated by type of roll.
"Liquid Nails". Called to replace traditional fasteners, which inevitably leave holes in objects.
The epoxy compound already known to us.